In the 1920s, European filmmakers tended to use science fiction for prediction and social commentary, as can be seen in German films such as Metropolis (1927) and Frau im Mond (1929). Taking a more adventurous tack, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916) is a film based on Jules Verne’s famous novel of a wondrous submarine and its vengeful captain. Hyde (1920), based on the psychological tale by Robert Louis Stevenson. Examples of this are Frankenstein (1910), a film adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel, and Dr. Several early films merged the science fiction and horror genres. In 1902, Georges Méliès released Le Voyage dans la Lune, generally considered the first science fiction film, and a film that used early trick photography to depict a spacecraft's journey to the Moon. They usually had a technological theme and were often intended to be humorous. Science fiction films appeared early in the silent film era, typically as short films shot in black and white, sometimes with colour tinting.
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